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CBSE Class 8 Chemistry Notes for Chapter 2 Materials- Metals and Non-Metals

 
                         CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS: METALS AND NON-METALS
 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS

  • Hard
  • Lustrous
  • Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
  • Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
  • Sonorous (produce a ringing sound when struck)
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity)

 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS

  • Soft
  • Dull in appearance
  • Not malleable, instead breaks down into a powdery mass when beaten with a hammer)
  • Not sonorous
  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity

 
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS ANDS NON-METALS

  • Reaction with oxygen: Metals react with oxygen to form their oxides. These oxides are basic in nature. Non-metals react with oxygen to produce non-metallic oxides. These oxides are acidic in nature.

 

  • Reaction with acids: Metals react with acids to produce their salts and give out hydrogen gas in the process. Non-metals react do not react with acids.

 

  • Reaction with bases: Some metals react with bases to give out hydrogen gas. The reaction of non-metals with base is complex.

 

  • Displacement reaction: When a more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal from its aqueous solution, it is called displacement reaction.

 
USE OF METALS

  • In making machines and automobiles.
  • In making gadgets
  • In making utensils
  • In making various daily use articles

 
USE OF NON-METALS

  • Used in fertilizers
  • Essential for living beings as we breathe in oxygen which is a non-metal.
  • Used in water purification process

 

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